1st Law for a Non-Adiabatic, Closed System
Work done by a system is positive.
Heat transferred into a system is positive.
Recall our sign conventions for heat and work:
Wsh
Battery
We
Wb
ΔEtot
Q
In a process occurring in a non-adiabatic, closed system, energy can be transferred across the boundary of the system by both work and heat.
Non-Adiabatic,Closed System
Process Path
State 2
State 1
The differential form of the energy balance:
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